Year 4 · Mathematics
Multiplication strategies for Year 4: splitting, arrays and times tables
Multiplication is a quick way of adding equal groups. 4 × 6 means 4 groups of 6 (or 6 groups of 4 — the answer is the same).
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Try asking: “What is 24 × 15?”
Arrays
An array arranges objects in rows and columns. 3 rows of 5 dots shows 3 × 5 = 15. Turn the array on its side and you see 5 × 3 = 15 — multiplication can be done in any order.
Times tables patterns
- × 2: double the number.
- × 4: double, then double again.
- × 5: half of × 10.
- × 9: × 10, then subtract the number once (9 × 7 = 70 − 7 = 63).
Splitting bigger numbers
To multiply a two-digit number, split it into tens and ones, multiply each part, then add. For 23 × 4: 20 × 4 = 80 and 3 × 4 = 12, so 23 × 4 = 92.
Worked examples
What is 36 × 5?
- 36 × 10 = 360.
- × 5 is half of × 10, so halve 360.
Answer: 180
What is 47 × 3?
- Split 47 into 40 + 7.
- 40 × 3 = 120 and 7 × 3 = 21.
- 120 + 21 = 141.
Answer: 141
Common mistakes to watch for
- Forgetting to add the two parts after splitting.
- Mixing up 6 × 8 = 48 and 7 × 8 = 56 — check with a known fact like 5 × 8 = 40.
Practice questions
Try these, then reveal the answers. For more questions with hints, use the tutor.
1. What is 8 × 7?
Show answer
56
2. What is 9 × 6?
Show answer
54
3. What is 34 × 3?
Show answer
102
4. What is 25 × 4?
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100
5. What is 62 × 5?
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310